Policies that had worked for the previous fifty years stop working, causing significant harm instead. A political and cultural crisis arises, and what had been regarded as common sense is discarded. The political elite insists that there is nothing wrong that couldn’t be solved by more of the same.

Les quelques améliorations apportées par la suite ne pourront jamais faire oublier ce passé. Les changements apportés par les libéraux se sont surtout logés dans le volet des prestations dites « spéciales ». En juin 2000, par exemple, le projet de loi C-32 prolongeait les prestations parentales de 10 à 35 semaines et réduisait le critère d’admissib

informal and uncontrolled interventions make the estimation of a counterfactual problematic. What would have happened if the employee incentive had not been awarded or the store layout had remained unchanged during the intervention period? In