The 4 Disciplines of Execution: Revised and Updated: Achieving Your Wildly Important Goals

Bungay argues that friction creates three gaps. First, a knowledge gap arises when we engage in planning or acting due to the necessarily imperfect state of the information we have to hand, and our need to making assumptions and interpret that information. Second, an alignment gap is the result of people failing to do things as planned, perhaps due

But exactly how do you build engagement? A two-year Deloitte study found that no single factor has more impact than “clearly defined goals that are written down and shared freely. . . . Goals create alignment, clarity, and job satisfaction.”

Numerous leading indicators align with the Level 4 result of an organization. Each leading indicator is just one step toward reaching the true target of organizational results,