Sublime

Additionally, Wang Mingming tells us that the cosmology of tianxia cannot be grasped in a singular fashion. Rather, it has to be understood in its two different varieties datable to the periods before and after the Qin unification of 221 BCE.

Gladney argues that the emergence of a Uyghur ethnonational identity in the twentieth century was the indirect result of a conference convened by Josef Stalin in 1921 at which participants proposed the official adoption of "Uyghur" as an ethnonym in the Soviet Union's The term later spread to Xinjiang and was institutionalized in 1935…

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empowerment it has authorized historically and the limits it had set on human overreach – that a dialectics of transcendence can remain relevant to our world.

Gong argued that by opening the region to immigration, the state could serve two goals at once: it could relieve the population pressures on the heartland provinces, and it could stabilize the volatile border…

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While Zhao acknowledges that the post-Qin ideal of tianxia is transformed, his conception continues to offer a top-down method of political ordering as the essence of the tianxia system. I submit that I have trouble with this model.

Indeed, with the establishment of the PRC, even pioneer reformers, such as the doyen of Chinese rural studies, Fei Xiaotong, who had sounded the clarion call for rural recovery early in his studies in the 1930s of the intimate relations of the Chinese peasant and the soil (xiangtu Zhongguo), became intoxicated by the dominant approach of subjugatin

William…

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Admittedly, this does not get at how a world political order may be generated, but it may be more useful to understand the methodology of how a commitment to such an order may be generated. One