other beings

One botanist who studies how sagebrush send distress signals to each other has found that individual plants appear to have different risk tolerance — a metric of personality, the very notion of which in an organism without a brain-based mind challenges our central assumptions about consciousness.

Perhaps the Cook pine never wanted to leave New Caledonia. In a recent article in the journal Ecology, botanists from California Polytechnic State University reveal a novel behavior of the Cook pine — it always leans toward the equator.