Investing

People will talk in circles here because “sustainability” is often poorly ever defined. So let’s be concrete. All PoW or PoS networks are fundamentally “sustainable” in that permissionless operators will always be incentivized to run them so long as users are willing to pay a nonzero amount of money to use them.

• If REV ≥ expenses required by operato

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Bitcoin is the clearest example – BTC holders are willing to accept inflation as a pure expense with no expectation of future income rights. You could also easily imagine Bitcoin having a 1% inflation tail programmed from the start, and perhaps BTC holders would happily hold it. That would happen because BTC holders derive sufficient utility from h... See more

For our purposes here, we will just draw a simple distinction between L1s and L2s:

• L1 – Network relies on its own dedicated operators.


• L2 – Network relies on the operators of another network. It may or may not have its own dedicated operators in addition to these.

BTC has a strong case for being digital gold – a "pet rock" that is highly valuable but static. I believe ETH has a more dynamic future as a censorship-resistant, programmable store of value underpinning a much larger digital economy by providing permissionless settlement, DA, and execution.

In PoW, this isn’t too complex. Miners directly receive all TEV, of which issaunce is a real non-cash expense to token holders, similar to stock-based compensation in traditional finance. Miners are incentivized to expend an amount of energy (and money) which is roughly equivalent to the TEV available.

With all the basics in place, let’s put it together with a simple valuation example. Consider the price at which a single rational value investor would be willing to purchase all tokens for a given network:

• For simplicity, we will assume all REV for this network are paid in assets other than the native token (e.g., paid in USDC). This makes it possi

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By 2028 the NFT landscape has shifted dramatically. While initial iterations of NFTs focused almost exclusively on profile pictures, art and gaming assets, the zeitgeist of NFTs is materially different in 2028. We now view them much more like containers for specific types of composable data to live – be that text, image, video, mapping, movement, l... See more

Again this underscores my core premise, which is that Ethereum should maximize economic activity within its platform (including rollups) and ETH should position as a true permissionless, digital store of value (see related tweets from Doug & Sassal) more so than an interest-bearing capital asset.

It’s not that crypto has actually enabled the financialization of everything, but rather it’s removed friction in places where immense demand for financialization exists.