About each element, ask: What’s causing changes in this element? What…

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considered. The key principle, called the “principle of the system boundary,” is that the interactions that must be examined are those most important to the issue at hand, regardless of parochial organizational boundaries. What makes this principle difficult to practice is the way organizations are designed to keep people from seeing important inte

A good systems thinker, particularly in an organizational setting, is someone who can see four levels operating simultaneously: events, patterns of behavior, systems, and mental models.