The Opportunity Atlas

African-American families seeking freedom and good jobs participated in the Great Migration, moving en masse from the rural South to cities like Chicago, Philadelphia, and Milwaukee. When they arrived in those cities, they were crowded into urban ghettos, and the vast majority depended on landlords for housing.17 Ghetto landlords had a segregated a

All of these outcomes make it sound like there is nothing but positive outcomes to the University City District initiative. But the improvement in the local school and housing costs has resulted in a shortage of space for Penn Alexander students. As a result, parents line up days before kindergarten registration in the hopes of enrolling their chil

Du Bois argued that cooperatives would provide the economic opportunities denied to African Americans, and would allow Blacks to serve the common good rather