Lifestyle changes resulting from chronic pain, such as avoiding physical activity and mentally challenging tasks, may also contribute to the reduction in brain matter.

Leptin also plays an important role in cognitive function, which is why keeping it within the normal range (i.e., by not lowering it with prolonged low-calorie dieting or poor sleep, and by topping it off with periodic refeeds) is critical.

Acknowledge your biological excitation mode and inhibition mode, and understand that you need both regularly: exercise and recovery, adventure and relaxation. ACETYLCHOLINE Avoid toxic anticholinergic drugs. Ensure adequate dietary choline intake.