Architectural goals — for example, desired performance, availability, and security — should be approached by iteratively specifying target conditions at the program level. Following the Principle of Mission, set out a clear vision of the goals of your enterprise architecture without specifying how the goals are to be achieved, and create a context

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This question eventually led O’Brien to Chris Argyris, whose writings resonated with Hanover’s managers’ experience. Argyris’s “action science,” offered theory and method for examining “the reasoning that underlies our actions.”9 Teams and organizations trap themselves, he says, in “defensive routines” that insulate our mental models from examinati

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