Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind

Como o Homo sapiens conseguiu ultrapassar esse limite crítico, fundando cidades com dezenas de milhares de habitantes e impérios que governam centenas de milhões? O segredo foi provavelmente o surgimento da ficção. Um grande número de estranhos pode cooperar de maneira eficaz se acreditar nos mesmos mitos.

In contrast, an imagined order is always in danger of collapse, because it depends upon myths, and myths vanish once people stop believing in them. In order to safeguard an imagined order, continuous and strenuous efforts are imperative.

happens in the universe, but knowing that E = mc² usually doesn’t resolve political disagreements or inspire people to make sacrifices for a common cause. Instead, what holds human networks together tends to be fictional stories, especially stories about intersubjective things like gods, money, and nations.

This evolving proto-WEIRD psychology gradually laid the groundwork for the rise of impersonal markets, urbanization, constitutional governments, democratic politics, individualistic religions, scientific societies, and relentless innovation. In short, these psychological shifts fertilized the soil for the seeds of the modern world.