I n traditional evolutionary theory, species survival is dependent not on the organization of the group, but on the differential success of particular organisms in surviving and reproducing their genetic code.

My 'Descent of Man' was published in February, 1871. As soon as I had become, in the year 1837 or 1838, convinced that species were mutable productions, I could not avoid the belief that man must come under the same law. Accordingly I collected notes on the subject for my own satisfaction, and not for a long time with any intention of publishing. A

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