M. E. Rothwell on Substack
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M. E. Rothwell on Substack
The world’s newly discovered lands were thus to be divided between two Catholic nations, Portugal and Spain. Yet other newcomers had quite different ideas. From the early sixteenth century onward, two other rising Atlantic powers, Britain and Holland, both part of the Reformation that rejected papal authority, aggressively contested the papal treat
... See moreNavigation in the eastern Mediterranean was under the threat of the Ottoman fleet, and the challenge of finding an alternative sea route to Asia became urgent.
un nouveau type de marins : au pilote s’adjoint un « maître de l’astrologie », un spécialiste de la navigation, qui sait lire les portulans, calculer la déclinaison astrale et tracer les méridiens. Théorie et pratique s’unissent dans une collaboration féconde. Ainsi émerge peu à peu, systématiquement, une race de navigateurs et de découvreurs dont
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