Bayesian Statistics for Beginners: a step-by-step approach
The law of large numbers states that if a random variable with an underlying probability (p) is observed repeatedly during independent experiments, the ratio of the observed frequency of that event to the total number of experiments will converge to p.
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This mathematical pattern is a power law known as Zipf’s Law.
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P-values are a probability and thus are expressed as a number between zero and one. Lower p-values mean that results are more statistically significant; higher p-values mean the results may be due to chance.