Jane McGonigal, renowned game designer and Ph.D. in Performance

this can be accomplished by 1) Adding constraints to player choices, 2) Incentivizing players to take certain choices that actually meets the player goals, 3) Create an Interface that guides the user towards the Desired Actions, 4) Adding visual designs to attract the player’s sight, 5) Provide social guidance (often through computer generated char

one should not be too stuck on game mechanics, game techniques, or any outer appearances of a design. Rather, one should focus on the Core Drives