British cultural policy has been hindered by decades of protectionist infighting between opposing special interests (Hewison 1995). Instead we need a more balanced under- standing of the role and worth of the arts in our society – one which simultaneously embraces their aesthetic, cultural, economic and social values, and allows for the differ- ent

distinguishing between internal and external efficacy. If you’ve got the knowledge you need to participate in civic life, you’ve got internal high efficacy. But you may be thwarted by a political system that doesn’t value or respond to your participation.

Despite progress in research on the rural-reconstruction movements, we are still missing some important questions related to their connective methodology. How was the self to articulate with the local, national and the global? How was the self to manage the inevitable tensions in the pull of these scales, but especially the tensions between the loc