Sublime

cosmological values dominating time urged a return to the truths of a golden age or subordinated them to transcendent goals, there also existed other conceptions of time and history or histories in a minor key.

My goal is not to dispute this account but to grasp: (1) what were the conditions in which this linear vision became institutionalized and hegemonic and (2) how linearity came to be about territorially or socially bounded histories within this time-space. In some ways, I suggest, this is a paradoxical development since this time-space is relatively

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The Arab nationalists were given an unexpected boost at the end of the First World War, when the Ottoman Empire collapsed at the hands of Kemal Ataturk. The Caliphate that had, despite its declining powers, symbolized the spiritual unity of the Ummah for nearly fifteen centuries was suddenly replaced by a radically secular, ultranationalist Turkish