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the fish that coastal communities depend on for food. But these and other natural defenses against climate change are rapidly disappearing. Nearly nine million acres of old-growth forest were destroyed

One result of this catastrophic decline in population was a commensurate decline in the land in the Americas used for farming. With land use per capita around one hectare, the fall in population resulted in a reduction in land use of some 55 million hectares. Much of this land returned to forest or other vegetative cover, leading to a biological dr

According to a recent study by a team of German scientists, to remove a billion tons of CO2 through “enhanced weathering,” approximately three billion tons of basalt would have to be mined, crushed, and transported. “While this is a very large amount” of rock to mine, grind, and ship, the authors noted, it is…

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With the increasing demand from investors for ESG conscious investment opportunities, and the potential for significant returns, the need for portfolio construction tools and metrics to analyze and compare investment options took off. Founded in 2009, the Global Impact Investment Network (GIIN),30 for instance, represents a commitment to utilize ES

The IPCC process may reduce the independence of climate forecasters. Although there are nominally about twenty different climate models used in the IPCC’s forecast, they make many of the same assumptions and use some of the same computer code; the degree of overlap is significant enough that they represent the equivalent of just five or six indepen