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But you could say that modules are the more basic structure, and classes are just a specialization.

Blocks and procs are definitely some of the coolest features of Ruby. Some other languages have this feature, though they may call it something else (like closures or lambdas), but many don’t, and it’s a shame. They are a joy to use.

The module Stacklike thus implements stacklikeness by selectively deploying behaviors that already exist for Array objects: add an element to the end of the array, take an element off the end. Arrays are more versatile than stacks; a stack can’t do everything an array can. For example, you can remove elements from an array in any order, whereas by

This technique works: you can write all the set_property methods you need, and the instance variable–based retrieval methods to go with them. But there’s a nicer way.