Sublime

praise for intelligence tended to put students in a fixed mind-set (intelligence is fixed, and you have it), whereas praise for effort tended to put them in a growth mind-set

People with the growth mindset know that it takes time for potential to flower.

You can even see the difference in people’s brain waves.

In the fixed mindset, however, the loss of one’s self to failure can be a permanent, haunting trauma.

into arrogant, defensive nonlearners. The lesson is: Create an organization that prizes the development of ability—and watch the leaders emerge.

“culture of development.”

The other thing exceptional people seem to have is a special talent for converting life’s setbacks into future successes.

important achievements require a clear focus, all-out effort, and a bottomless trunk full of strategies. Plus allies in learning. This is what the growth mindset gives people, and that’s why it helps their abilities grow and bear fruit.

Constructive means helping the child to fix something, build a better product, or do a better job.