AMPK is the master switch that initiates the chain of events leading to mitochondrial biogenesis.

The authoritative Russian military Encyclopedia of Physical Training teaches us that both hypertrophy and aerobic training demand less variability than power and strength training. In other words, we can get away with flat-lining the load for awhile.

Scientists have concluded that its byproduct, AMP, triggers mitochondrial growth.

As we age, speed goes first, strength next, and endurance last.

Choices that build mitochondria are caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, controlled hypoxia and hypothermia, and steady-state aerobic training.

Russian scientist Andrey Antonov calculated that a regular untrained adult’s heart pumps out enough oxygen to enable him to keep up with advanced runners in a long-distance race. Then why does he not [keep up]…and, moreover, gets out of breath climbing to the third floor? Because his muscles have few mitochondria…Without

ATP, being a capacitor rather than a battery, drains quickly.

glycolytic power repeats, a smart type of glycolytic training that maximizes the benefits of acid while minimizing the problems caused by it. More about this type of training in the future.

Although not excluding the principle of gradual overload [over a longer term], we propose sudden yet fitting the given athlete’s functional abilities changes in load—‘jumps.’