The argument of this book is that interest is required to direct the allocation of capital, and that without interest it becomes impossible to value investments. As

Yet our modern monetary mandarins never stop to consider Bagehot’s warnings about the adverse consequences of easy money – how interest rates set at 2 per cent or less fuel speculative manias, drive savers to make risky investments, encourage bad lending and weaken the financial system. One wonders whether any of them has actually opened the pages

This book is about the role of interest in a modern economy. It was inspired by a Bastiat-like conviction that ultra-low interest rates were contributing to many of our current woes, whether the collapse of productivity growth, unaffordable housing, rising inequality, the loss of market competition or financial fragility. Ultra-low rates also seeme

Drawing a parallel between the US Forest Service and Federal Reserve is irresistible. The Fed was created less than a decade after its environmental counterpart. By the 1920s the Fed was attempting to suppress the business cycle. While ‘federal fire suppression acts to subsidize developments of private lands in fire-prone areas’, the Fed’s policy o

‘Paradoxical as it may seem, the riches of nations can be measured by the violence of the crises which they experience,’ opined the nineteenth-century French economist Clément Juglar.13 Once creative destruction is taken into account, Juglar’s observation doesn’t appear so puzzling.

But economic volatility, as Clément Juglar observed long ago, is a source of vitality.

Interest, he said, is the price of time. There is no better definition.

Anthropologists no longer accept that money originated to replace barter, as classical economists, including Smith, had maintained. There is no evidence for this barter-to-money myth. On the contrary, it seems likely that credit antedated money and that the earliest forms of credit bore interest.

As we have argued, it is interest that connects the present and the future; with interest rates set by central banks at the lowest level in history that link was effectively broken.