The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (OXFORD HANDBOOKS SERIES)
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The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (OXFORD HANDBOOKS SERIES)
in the realm of politics, reliance on this form of reasoning privileges consistency through the process of motivated reasoning in which disagreeable or challenging information is quickly rejected.
These associations are typically constructed through political rhetoric,
neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness—commonly referred to as the five-factor or Big Five framework of personality.
Citizens, as political information processors, are not blank slates. Their knowledge structures, beliefs, and attitudes shape the reception and interpretation of new stimuli. These existing knowledge structures are informed by socialization, lived experiences, as well as the current and past information environment.
features of the cognitive system: limited attention and working memory, implicit attitudes that lie outside conscious awareness, the rapid formation of habitual mental associations, and the interplay of affect and cognition.
even to political psychologists the public’s democratic shortcomings are cause for consternation no matter how well explained psychologically, suggesting some lingering desire for the normative standard of rational deliberation and well-informed political decisions.
Individuals do not act within a vacuum. Their behavior varies with, and responds to, differences in political institutions, political cultures, leadership styles, and social norms.
Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998).
Individual differences grounded in early socialization, genetic makeup, social context, and personality generate liberals and conservatives, Social Democrats and Christian Democrats, tolerant and intolerant individuals, more and less well-informed citizens, and sectarian partisan elites.