Standing out from the second list is the kingdom of Westsexena, assessed at a whopping 100,000 hides.

the landscape archaeologist Della Hooke has plotted evidenceo for the routes along which salt was traded from Droitwich, locally and regionally and, by way of an overland route via the River Thames, to a wider clientèle.12

There is no suggestion that any of the kingdoms identified in Tribal Hidage existed as such before the middle of the sixth century. The birthplace of Tribal Hidage is variously argued to have been Mercia (because it opens the list) or Northumbria (precisely because it is left off the list).4 Many of the smaller territories or regions were later swa

The word ‘starboard’ is a contraction of ‘steering board’, a long paddle flexibly mounted on the aft starboard quarter.

By the end of the fourth century the temple at Uley Hill had partially collapsed and been demolished. It was now rebuilt on a more modest scale, as an L-shaped structure.o Within another generation or two, at some time during the fifth century, it was replaced by a timber building that looks for all the world like a basilica, with accompanying bapt

Like the Irish Sea, the North Sea is a natural basin across and around which vessels plied, sometimes speculatively, throughout the first millennium. Tidal and seasonal currents favoured circular voyages; convenient harbours and river estuaries provided trading, beaching and pilotage opportunities, knowledge of whose advantages and risks were hande

Mag Fortrenn was the cultural coreland of the northern Picts, whose widespread and abundant sculptures were adorned with exuberant, if enigmatic, symbols of rank, nobility, fantasy and warrior prowess.

The seven kingdoms that made up the Heptarchy were Northumbria, Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, Essex and Sussex, a tradition popularized by Henry of Huntingdon in the twelfth century.

The decades immediately following the 536 event have been described as the coldest in the last 2,500 years, evidenced by both ice core samples and contemporary tree rings. The event seems to have been global and, after much debate among scientists over several decades, it has now been ascribed to a sequence of catastrophic volcanic eruptions that t