The President blamed their hubris – ‘Those sons of bitches with all the fruit salad just sat there nodding, saying it would work’ – and repeatedly told his wife, ‘Oh my God, the bunch of advisors that we inherited!’ But he saved the greatest blame for himself. The advisors were just that – merely advisors – and the ultimate decision was his. He’d b

agree with the cure. Another study co-authored by Kahan found that right-wing participants were more willing to accept that climate change is a serious threat if the remedy is geoengineering – launching solar reflectors, injecting aerosol particulates into the stratosphere and capturing carbon to store it in deep geological formations – rather than

Amazon thus practises the silent start : it releases the pre-reading only at the beginning of the meeting, and everyone spends half an hour reading it quietly.|| That way, juniors won’t know their superiors’ views, so what they share are genuinely their own opinions.

The researchers found that Democrats prepared better for the meeting, as measured by a more comprehensive essay, when they were contradicted by a Republican rather than a fellow Democrat; for Republicans, it was the same (but with the parties switched). These results suggest that social diversity prompts us to work harder to address disagreement. I

Knowing that criticism will come your way drives you to make your idea as strong as possible beforehand. Researchers will do all they can to pick holes in their own paper before sending it to a discussant. This practice is known as a premortem. In a post-mortem, a decision has flopped and you try to figure out why. In a pre-mortem, you imagine that

But what matters is diversity and inclusion – creating the conditions for diverse colleagues to share their different viewpoints. Without inclusion, an organization will never fully realize the benefits of its diversity.

The results reinforced the findings of Phillips’s earlier study: social diversity leads people to take dissenting opinions more seriously.

The whole point of presenting at a conference is that you can only take an idea so far by yourself. There’s no stigma in receiving negative comments – they’re simply expected. If a discussant were ever entirely positive, it would have so little credibility that the audience would think you had incriminating photos of him.

scaffolding.