Saved by King and
Mastery Learning
People who learn to extract the key ideas from new material and organize them into a mental model and connect that model to prior knowledge show an advantage in learning complex mastery. A mental model is a mental representation of some external reality.
Mark A. McDaniel • Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning

Proficiency • Unconscious Competence If we apply this scale to our CRAP example, it might look something like this:
Julie Dirksen • Design for How People Learn (Voices That Matter)
These experiences reminded me of a framework developed by Noel Burch (but often attributed to Abraham Maslow). This simple four-step model holds the key to acquiring proficiency at a skill, including how to approach mastery as a speaker.