During this period, children don’t only learn their native language. They also pick up the accent of the people they grow up with, especially their peers.7 As this critical period closes, it becomes very difficult to speak like a native. This is why immigrants such as Henry Kissinger, who learned English in his teens, speak with a foreign accent.

Temperance—Strengths such as self-control and prudence that protect against excess • Courage—Strengths such as bravery and persistence that help accomplish goals in the face of opposition, external or internal

Studies indicate that parents do have some influence, but it is transmitted by their unique relationship with each child,

Industry—Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. • Sincerity—Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. • Justice—Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. • Moderation—Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as

routines in the face of changing circumstances.

As with the evolution of many other human differences, this one became prevalent through accidental DNA mutations and natural selection based on adaptation to specific environmental conditions.

the taking of unnecessary risks because of a sense of invulnerability, and many narcissists self-destruct because of such errors of judgment.

The result was a program that was explicit, realistic, and, as he looked back on it, seemingly effective.

Franklin was not alone in this belief. Through the ages philosophers and religious leaders have encouraged the development of good character. What mainly distinguished Franklin’s ideas from those of his predecessors was his elaborate practical method for self-improvement.