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deregulation of markets as part of the policy of encouraging commerce

free movement throughout the empire, encouraged by another Chinese invention, the motel

the Song came to depend increasingly on taxes on trade and so systematically encouraged it.

emergence of a market in land, which led to the consolidation of smaller farms and the appearance of commercial agriculture

In 1078, China produced 125,000 tons of cast iron, more than the rest of the planet put together.