These emergent digital economies are facilitating dramatic wealth accumulation for a small few and supplemental earnings for a great many. They are the new ladders and ledges being created to replace the elevators that have been destroyed. They are, however, only accessible to those with the relevant skills and education. Many will be left behind.
In a world transformed by the widespread use of networked technologies, humanity faces a significant divide between those who can access and use new technologies and those who cannot, counterbalancing the considerable opportunities that are being created in new economic sectors.
The ubiquity of technology and the standardisation of internet-based connectivity has facilitated the emergence of new digital economies. In some instances, these economies 1) allow participants to trade excess supply, 2) facilitate new ways to commercialise existing activities and influence and 3) generate income in wholly digital spaces from whol... See more
Better transportation systems coupled with electricity paved the way for the expansion of information and communication technologies (ICT) throughout the third industrial revolution. During this period, the most significant technological changes resulted from the digitalisation of electronics and associated advances in computing.
The new digital economies with the greatest upside also massively favour Caucasian and Asian men to the detriment of all women and Latino and Black men. Participation in these economies requires STEM skills far more commonly found within white and Asian communities. Consequently, the technology and the platforms have been built by and for prototypi... See more
The modern factory system can be considered the greatest technological innovation of its time, encouraging shifts from the agricultural sector to manufacturing and transforming many cities into industrial centres. Yet, many authors argue that despite major transformations brought about by these technological innovations, overall social mobility rat... See more
The first industrial revolution occurred when the steam engine and novel methods of organising labour within factories led to the replacement of human workers with machines.
This process brought information to the forefront of the transformation of social, economic, and political life. A new demand for skilled workers emerged, with automation replacing labour in routine tasks. This promoted job polarisation and wage inequalities among groups with differing levels of skill and educational attainment.