Ad Hominem

Perhaps the easiest way to squash a dissenting argument is to just disqualify it right off the bat based on who said it, without ever addressing the argument itself. The infamous ad hominem fallacy.

The “fundamental attribution error” refers to our tendency to overattribute others’ behaviors to their dispositions, while reversing this tendency for ourselves.

the straw man fallacy. To straw man your opponent, you invent a weak counterargument to your position and pretend that it’s your opponent’s position, even though it’s not.

It was followed by the third stage, that of name-calling—the argumentum ad hominem.